Tuesday, July 12, 2011
culture intriduction
The cultures of the Himalayan, Mountain and Terai peoples; their folklore, festivals, music, dance, and their traditional ways of life are distinct from each other’s. Often, a Nepali from the plains does not know what the life of a Nepali from the mountains is like. It is to make this cultural diversity ubiquitously known and to introduce the Nepali populace to the world’s rich folk culture, that the Music Museum of Nepal (MMN) is organising the first International Folk Music Film Festival in Nepal from November 25. The three-day festival, which is supported by the Alliance Francaise in Kathmandu, will be a musical extravaganza that aims to explore and expose the rich Nepali folk heritage. The organisers have set “Music for life and Music for Living,” as the motto of the festival that will be held at the Rastriya Nach Ghar, Jamal till July 28. The festival will also see screenings of various documentaries that deal with the lifestyle, culture and music of people and places from all around the world.
Sunday, July 10, 2011
Culture
Culture Change
The word "Change" is a process of transformation from one type to another and due to social and cultural change is intimated as a twin it can not be separated from each other. So, we have tried to explain these word.
The term "Cultural Change" according to Kingsley Davis,(2004)em brass all changes occurring in any branch of culture including art,science,technology,philosophy etc.,as well as changes in the forms and rules of social organization.(Davis,2004:622). Cultural change in any aspect of a culture , whether by addition, subtraction, modification of cultural traits or complexes, cultural change may come from may sources but most often occurs through contact with other cultures,interactions or the internal adjustment of a culture (Scott,1997:97).So, it can be said that cultural change is broader than social change and social change is a only a part of it. All social changes are cultural change, but all cultural changes need not necessarily be the social changes also. Due to cultural factors consist our values and beliefs,idea, and ideology, moral and manners,custom and tradition,and various institutions,there is an intimate connection between our beliefs and institution ,valuation and relationships. Culture gives speed and direction to the social change. Actually, the field of social change is limited in comparisons with the field of culture change. Our ways of behaving , living thinking acting are very much influenced by the changes in social cultural values (Shankar Rao,2005:8:500)
The word "Change" is a process of transformation from one type to another and due to social and cultural change is intimated as a twin it can not be separated from each other. So, we have tried to explain these word.
The term "Cultural Change" according to Kingsley Davis,(2004)em brass all changes occurring in any branch of culture including art,science,technology,philosophy etc.,as well as changes in the forms and rules of social organization.(Davis,2004:622). Cultural change in any aspect of a culture , whether by addition, subtraction, modification of cultural traits or complexes, cultural change may come from may sources but most often occurs through contact with other cultures,interactions or the internal adjustment of a culture (Scott,1997:97).So, it can be said that cultural change is broader than social change and social change is a only a part of it. All social changes are cultural change, but all cultural changes need not necessarily be the social changes also. Due to cultural factors consist our values and beliefs,idea, and ideology, moral and manners,custom and tradition,and various institutions,there is an intimate connection between our beliefs and institution ,valuation and relationships. Culture gives speed and direction to the social change. Actually, the field of social change is limited in comparisons with the field of culture change. Our ways of behaving , living thinking acting are very much influenced by the changes in social cultural values (Shankar Rao,2005:8:500)
Culture
Culture Ecology
Julian Steward-"The study of process by which a society adapts to its environment. Its principal problem is to determine whether these adaptations initiate internal social transformation or evolutionary change .It analysis these adaption however in conjunction with other process of change."
Duncan & Schnore-"Ecology deals with society as the functional organization of a population in the process of achieving and maintaining and adaptation to its environment."
E.B. Tylor-" Culture or civilization is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art moral, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."
Julian Steward-"The study of process by which a society adapts to its environment. Its principal problem is to determine whether these adaptations initiate internal social transformation or evolutionary change .It analysis these adaption however in conjunction with other process of change."
Duncan & Schnore-"Ecology deals with society as the functional organization of a population in the process of achieving and maintaining and adaptation to its environment."
E.B. Tylor-" Culture or civilization is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art moral, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."
Culture
Diffusionism and Culture Relativism
Some diffination of culture
Rogers-"Diffussion is the process by which innovation spreads. The diffusion process is the spreads of new idea from its source of invention of creation to its ultimate users or adopters."
Franz Boas-" The origin of specific cultural features and patterns was generally to be found in historical tradition."
Culture and Personality
Ruth Benedict-"This rapport is so close that is not possible to discuss patterns of culture without considering specifically their relation to individual psychology."
Some diffination of culture
Rogers-"Diffussion is the process by which innovation spreads. The diffusion process is the spreads of new idea from its source of invention of creation to its ultimate users or adopters."
Franz Boas-" The origin of specific cultural features and patterns was generally to be found in historical tradition."
Culture and Personality
Ruth Benedict-"This rapport is so close that is not possible to discuss patterns of culture without considering specifically their relation to individual psychology."
Tuesday, June 21, 2011
culture
YOGA
Introduction
Through yoga one learns to respect his body and take care of it properly. Through yoga one learns to view stress and worry as negative factors, which rob the self of energy that would otherwise be channeled towards personal growth.
By yoga one learns to stretch his body like a rubber band but at the same time with control,direction and purpose. In all, yoga would dramatically improve the way one looks and feels.
Origin and nature of yoga
Yoga comes to us from the heart of Eastern philosophy. Early Indians developed a method to transcend the limitation of the senses and this was called as yoga. Through conscious control of physical and mental activity, the individuals practicing yoga can master their surroundings and rise to a higher spiritual plane.
The word yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root "yug", meaning to link or join together. Yoga deals with the whole person. A single word to describe yoga is "Balance". Yoga is designed to balance the physical, mental and spiritual aspects of an individual. As the mind and soul approach equilibrium the human becomes increasingly aware of its identity and relationship with the external world surrounding it. Yoga is an empirical science based on observations and reflections of experience or introspection. Yoga may be defined as the science of self-fulfillment. It allows us to utilize our capabilities to the fullest while permitting us to choose our own goals.
Archaeological evidence shows that the inhabitants of the Indus Valley practiced yoga prior to 2000 B.C. Through word of mouth the tradition was passed on from father to son and from teacher to pupil. A major shift from oral to written tradition began with the arrival of the Aryans in India shortly after 2000 B.C. The Aryans developed the language of Sanskrit and it later became the canonical language of Hindu scriptures. Because the forerunners of yoga are found in the Upanishads written in Sanskrit, Sanskrit became the accepted standard for yogic vocabulary. Around 300 B.C yoga began to take form as an organized group of principles and practices.
The person, most responsible for systematizing yoga was the Indian Philosopher, Patanjali. Around 200 B. C. Patanjali bolstered the move from oral to written tradition. In the classical treatise, YOGA SUTRA Patanjali codified in writing a large body of yogic principles and processes. The yoga sutras are a step-by-step guide to the attainment of physical, mental and spiritual balance. It consists of an ordered series of 194 terse aphorisms or sutras. Each sutra addresses itself to some aspect of self-development. According Patanjali, yoga is "The discipline leading to the highest development of spiritual consciousness".
The eight limbs or stages of yoga are
Self-restraint or yama
Spiritual discipline or Niyama
Posture or asana breath control or pranayama
Sense withdrawal or pratyahara
Concentration or dharana
Meditation or dhyana and
Complete spiritual consciousness or samadhi.
Despite its philosophical underpinnings, yoga is primarily a pragmatic discipline. It shares some elements with Hinduism but it is not a religion. And though it supports many of the suppositions of humanistic psychology, it is not a branch of psychology. Above all the yogi is a practitioner not a philosopher or theologist or psychologist. Yoga enthusiasts practice what they preach. Physical vigor and strength of character can only be achieved through repeated performance of the physical and mental exercises that are the cornerstone of the yogic tradition.
Branches of yoga
The yogic curriculum varies among individuals according their personal needs and goals. If one is interested in the meditative side of yoga, he can adhere to the mental exercises. Or if a healthy, well-toned body is the primary objective then they can go in for the postures and breathing exercises. Several subdivisions within yoga emphasize specific aspects of the whole being.
The great branches of yoga are best discussed in the light of their particular areas of concentration. KARMA, BHAKTI and JNANA yoga highlight the spirit; RAJA yoga explores the mind; and HATHA yoga focuses on the body The word KARMA implies action or duty.
With KARMA yoga, humanitarian action is preeminent. Helping others is the most important duty in life. The central theme is work for work's sake without any ulterior motives.
BHAKTI yoga aims at spiritual realization. It teaches divine love and devotion through emotional control and ethical conduct. For the bhakti yoga, divine love is the means to eternal bliss.
JNANA is the process of reasoning that uncovers the deep-seated truths underlying life. In the spiritual discipline known as jnana yoga the student is taught to discriminate between the real and the unreal.
RAJA yoga shows us how to gain the power of mental concentration. It places emphasis on the final four stages of yoga: abstraction of the senses or pratyahara, fixed attention or dharana, meditation or dhyana and superconscoius experience or samadhi.
HATHA yoga deals with the physical body and its control, health and well-being. It is the yoga of the sun or "HA" and the moon or "THA". It strives for perfect equilibrium among bodily functions, among the flow of solar and lunar energies in the system. Of all the great branches of yoga, hatha yoga is the one most suited to assimilation by the Western mind. The concrete and tangible nature of the body inclines the Westerner to its practice. This does not mean that it totally ignores the mental and spiritual realms. Hatha yoga underlines the other forms of yoga.
Hints for preliminary preparation
o See the doctor first before beginning to do yoga especially if you re pregnant or if you had an injury recently.
o Women should avoid topsy-turvy and headstand poses during the period of menstruation.
o Before starting your practice empty the bladder and the bowels.
o If possible get expert personal attention and supervision from a guru.
o Wear comfortable clothes and avoid garments that pinch or restrict circulation.
o Exercise in your bare feet to preserve your body's natural alignment and balance.
o Yoga can be practiced in the mornings, afternoons or evenings but make sure that it is two hours after the meals, since it may upset the stomach.
o Do yoga away from direct sunlight or in well-ventilated room free of any clutters.
o All poses should be performed with control and not in a hurry.
o A pose can be held for 10 to 20 seconds during the start but later it can be reduced to around 5 seconds.
o During the asanas exhale and inhale with your nose with your mouth gently sealed.
o It is better to close your eyes during the asanas as it gets you in touch with your inner self.
o Be consistent with your timings and do it at the same time everyday and for the same number of days every week.
ASANAS
The asanas are the physical forces behind the yogic balance of the body, mind and spirit. They are slowly assumed postures or poses held from 10 seconds to several minutes. Asanas differ in two ways from the western gymnastics. Slow and controlled action is demanded when moving into and out of a pose. Rapid movements are against the yogic tradition whereas they are the core of gymnastics. Asanas are stretch and hold activities. Movement ceases for a time once you achieved the desired position, and then begins the gradual and gentle release of the pose. This style is unlike the Western exercises, which repeat the defining movements, say 10 or 20 times.
Most asanas have Sanskrit names, which often signify a resemblance to a creature of nature. Some denote vegetative life while others are named after insects, reptiles or mammals. When performing the asanas, the body assumes many of these life forms. Through the asanas, the human organism is brought several steps closer to nature, to the unending series of environmental adjustments at every stage of life.
The asanas develop the body from the inside. They delve deep into the inner structure of the organism. They improve the physiological functioning of the vital organs. They increase blood flow and stimulate the elimination of toxic wastes through the lungs, kidney, liver, intestines and skin. They soothe the nerves, relax the mind and keep the spine flexible. They can improve ones athletic performance.
Introduction
Through yoga one learns to respect his body and take care of it properly. Through yoga one learns to view stress and worry as negative factors, which rob the self of energy that would otherwise be channeled towards personal growth.
By yoga one learns to stretch his body like a rubber band but at the same time with control,direction and purpose. In all, yoga would dramatically improve the way one looks and feels.
Origin and nature of yoga
Yoga comes to us from the heart of Eastern philosophy. Early Indians developed a method to transcend the limitation of the senses and this was called as yoga. Through conscious control of physical and mental activity, the individuals practicing yoga can master their surroundings and rise to a higher spiritual plane.
The word yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root "yug", meaning to link or join together. Yoga deals with the whole person. A single word to describe yoga is "Balance". Yoga is designed to balance the physical, mental and spiritual aspects of an individual. As the mind and soul approach equilibrium the human becomes increasingly aware of its identity and relationship with the external world surrounding it. Yoga is an empirical science based on observations and reflections of experience or introspection. Yoga may be defined as the science of self-fulfillment. It allows us to utilize our capabilities to the fullest while permitting us to choose our own goals.
Archaeological evidence shows that the inhabitants of the Indus Valley practiced yoga prior to 2000 B.C. Through word of mouth the tradition was passed on from father to son and from teacher to pupil. A major shift from oral to written tradition began with the arrival of the Aryans in India shortly after 2000 B.C. The Aryans developed the language of Sanskrit and it later became the canonical language of Hindu scriptures. Because the forerunners of yoga are found in the Upanishads written in Sanskrit, Sanskrit became the accepted standard for yogic vocabulary. Around 300 B.C yoga began to take form as an organized group of principles and practices.
The person, most responsible for systematizing yoga was the Indian Philosopher, Patanjali. Around 200 B. C. Patanjali bolstered the move from oral to written tradition. In the classical treatise, YOGA SUTRA Patanjali codified in writing a large body of yogic principles and processes. The yoga sutras are a step-by-step guide to the attainment of physical, mental and spiritual balance. It consists of an ordered series of 194 terse aphorisms or sutras. Each sutra addresses itself to some aspect of self-development. According Patanjali, yoga is "The discipline leading to the highest development of spiritual consciousness".
The eight limbs or stages of yoga are
Self-restraint or yama
Spiritual discipline or Niyama
Posture or asana breath control or pranayama
Sense withdrawal or pratyahara
Concentration or dharana
Meditation or dhyana and
Complete spiritual consciousness or samadhi.
Despite its philosophical underpinnings, yoga is primarily a pragmatic discipline. It shares some elements with Hinduism but it is not a religion. And though it supports many of the suppositions of humanistic psychology, it is not a branch of psychology. Above all the yogi is a practitioner not a philosopher or theologist or psychologist. Yoga enthusiasts practice what they preach. Physical vigor and strength of character can only be achieved through repeated performance of the physical and mental exercises that are the cornerstone of the yogic tradition.
Branches of yoga
The yogic curriculum varies among individuals according their personal needs and goals. If one is interested in the meditative side of yoga, he can adhere to the mental exercises. Or if a healthy, well-toned body is the primary objective then they can go in for the postures and breathing exercises. Several subdivisions within yoga emphasize specific aspects of the whole being.
The great branches of yoga are best discussed in the light of their particular areas of concentration. KARMA, BHAKTI and JNANA yoga highlight the spirit; RAJA yoga explores the mind; and HATHA yoga focuses on the body The word KARMA implies action or duty.
With KARMA yoga, humanitarian action is preeminent. Helping others is the most important duty in life. The central theme is work for work's sake without any ulterior motives.
BHAKTI yoga aims at spiritual realization. It teaches divine love and devotion through emotional control and ethical conduct. For the bhakti yoga, divine love is the means to eternal bliss.
JNANA is the process of reasoning that uncovers the deep-seated truths underlying life. In the spiritual discipline known as jnana yoga the student is taught to discriminate between the real and the unreal.
RAJA yoga shows us how to gain the power of mental concentration. It places emphasis on the final four stages of yoga: abstraction of the senses or pratyahara, fixed attention or dharana, meditation or dhyana and superconscoius experience or samadhi.
HATHA yoga deals with the physical body and its control, health and well-being. It is the yoga of the sun or "HA" and the moon or "THA". It strives for perfect equilibrium among bodily functions, among the flow of solar and lunar energies in the system. Of all the great branches of yoga, hatha yoga is the one most suited to assimilation by the Western mind. The concrete and tangible nature of the body inclines the Westerner to its practice. This does not mean that it totally ignores the mental and spiritual realms. Hatha yoga underlines the other forms of yoga.
Hints for preliminary preparation
o See the doctor first before beginning to do yoga especially if you re pregnant or if you had an injury recently.
o Women should avoid topsy-turvy and headstand poses during the period of menstruation.
o Before starting your practice empty the bladder and the bowels.
o If possible get expert personal attention and supervision from a guru.
o Wear comfortable clothes and avoid garments that pinch or restrict circulation.
o Exercise in your bare feet to preserve your body's natural alignment and balance.
o Yoga can be practiced in the mornings, afternoons or evenings but make sure that it is two hours after the meals, since it may upset the stomach.
o Do yoga away from direct sunlight or in well-ventilated room free of any clutters.
o All poses should be performed with control and not in a hurry.
o A pose can be held for 10 to 20 seconds during the start but later it can be reduced to around 5 seconds.
o During the asanas exhale and inhale with your nose with your mouth gently sealed.
o It is better to close your eyes during the asanas as it gets you in touch with your inner self.
o Be consistent with your timings and do it at the same time everyday and for the same number of days every week.
ASANAS
The asanas are the physical forces behind the yogic balance of the body, mind and spirit. They are slowly assumed postures or poses held from 10 seconds to several minutes. Asanas differ in two ways from the western gymnastics. Slow and controlled action is demanded when moving into and out of a pose. Rapid movements are against the yogic tradition whereas they are the core of gymnastics. Asanas are stretch and hold activities. Movement ceases for a time once you achieved the desired position, and then begins the gradual and gentle release of the pose. This style is unlike the Western exercises, which repeat the defining movements, say 10 or 20 times.
Most asanas have Sanskrit names, which often signify a resemblance to a creature of nature. Some denote vegetative life while others are named after insects, reptiles or mammals. When performing the asanas, the body assumes many of these life forms. Through the asanas, the human organism is brought several steps closer to nature, to the unending series of environmental adjustments at every stage of life.
The asanas develop the body from the inside. They delve deep into the inner structure of the organism. They improve the physiological functioning of the vital organs. They increase blood flow and stimulate the elimination of toxic wastes through the lungs, kidney, liver, intestines and skin. They soothe the nerves, relax the mind and keep the spine flexible. They can improve ones athletic performance.
culture
Nepali Food
Of all the Nepalese people, the Newars celebrate the greatest number of festivities and feasts. They are known for a immense variety of cuisines they prepare in many occasions. Newar food can be divided into two main types.
1.Daily foods- Jyona (Lunch), Beli (Dinner).
2.Bhoye- Banquet having a number of dishes with systematic arrangement in order.
The Meat Dishes of the Newars are as follows-
Appetizers/Snacks
Chatanmari-It is something like what you call pizza. It is prepared from rice flour with minced meat or egging topping or also can be prepared plainly. It is mainly eaten in Digu Puja.
Wo-A flat cake of mashed lentils with or without egg/minced meat topping.
Samay Baji- A ritual set of five dishes representing Pancha Tatwa. It constitutes Baji, Samay (flattened rice), chhoyla (roasted meat), sanya (smoked fish), palu (sliced ginger) and aila (wine).
Chhoyla- Spicy meat, ether roasted or boiled known as haku chhoyla or mana chhoyla. It is generally served with flattened rice and homemade wine.
Sukula- Dried meat diced and spiced.
Tahkha- A jelly-like meat.
Meat Dishes
Jyona/beli-Boiled rice. Usually these words stand for a set of rice, and curries.
Ken- Lentil soup served with rice.
Wauncha- Green vegetables, especially mustard/spinach in feasts.
Boobah- Bean curry.
La- Meat curries, various verities : Pukala (fried), Gorma (white jellied meat), Dayakala (curried meat), for instance.
Relishes
Sanan- Pickle, usually hot.
Sanya khuna/ Nya khuna- Jellied fish soup.
Paun kwa- Sour soup made from hog plum.
Dessert
Juju dhau- Yogurt of high quality.
Sweets
Pachinta mari- Sweet made of wheat flour and sugar, a must in Pastah Bhoye (high class wedding feast) which is taken away to home.
Drinks
Thon- White beer, made of fermented rice. It too has some types : hyaun thon (red one), taku thon (thick one) etc.
Aila- Colorless homemade liquor.
Pastah Bhoe (High Class Wedding Feast) Menu
1. Baji - Flattened rice
2. Della - Meat, placed on the top of baji
3. Tahkha - Jelly meat
4. Chhakoola - A peace of meat in curry
5. Wauncha (Tukan) - Green vegetable (mustard)
6. Bhuti - White beans
7. Phasi - Pumpkin curry
8. Dayekala - Meat in curry
9. Dugula - Mutton
10. Hayenla - Meat curry with a lot of ginger
11. Gorma - White jellied meat
12. Lainsoo - Curry made from dried radish
13. Simpu - Bean curry
14. Tahkugu Pukala - Big slice of fried meat
15. Cheekugu Pukala - small pieces of fried meat
16. Pahmaya - Curry made from green pulses
17. Hamoh Kwa - Sesame seed curry
18. Chhon Kwa - Bamboo shoot soup
19. Dhau - Yoghurt
20. Sakhah - Brown sugar to accompany dhau
21. Sisabusa - Raw radish, raw peas and fresh fruit pieces
22. Aila - Homemade liquor
23. Pachinta mari - Sweet (taken away home)
English Translations of Nepali Food
The translations of the Nepalese ingredient names are given on the right column. We hope it will help find the Nepalese ingredient for the Nepalese staying abroad. We also hope it will serve as reference tool for the non- Nepalese speakers.
NEPALI ENGLISH
Ajwain Tymolseeds
Aduwa Ginger
Amchoor Mango powder
Ata Wheat flour
Banda (Banda Govi) Cabbage
Bakula Fava Beans
Bhatmas Soybeans
Bhanta Eggplant, Brinjal,Aubergines
Besan Gram flour
Besar Turmeric
Bhuteko Channa Roasted gram
Bodi Black-eyed peas
Chana Chick peas
Chana dal Gram dal
Chyapi Chives
Dal Lentils
Dahi Curds, Yoghourt
Dhania (leaves) Coriander leaves, Cilantro, Chinese Parsley
Dhania (masala) Coriander seeds
Farsi Pumpkin
Hing Asafoetida
Ilaichi Cardamom (black)
Jau Oats
Jeera Cummin
Jwanu Lovage
Kankro Cucumber
Kari Pata Curry leaves
Kesar Saffron
Kathal Raw jack fruit
Kalonji Onion seeds
Kodo Millet
Kurilo Asparagus
Kuskus Poppy seeds
Lwang Cloves
Lasun Garlic
Makai Corn
Marich Black Pepper
Mas Black Lentils
Masoor dal Red gram
Maida Flour
Moong dal Green gram
Methi Fenugreek
Methi sag Fenugreek leaves
Makai Corn
Moong Whole green gram
Mula Daikon Radish
Palungo Spinach
Paneer Paneer (or cottage cheese)
Parwal Pointed gourd
Phapar Buckwheat
Pindaula Taro or Eddos
Pitho Flour (All Purpose)
Pyaj Onions
Pyaj (Hariyo) Scallion
Ram Toriya Okra (Lady's Finger)
Rawa Semolina, Cream of wheat
Rayo/Tori Mustard
Roti Flat Bread
Sabudana Dry ginger
Sakhar Brown Sugar
Salgam Turnip
Simi Green Beans
Saunf (sag) Dill leaves
Saunf (masala) Fennel
Sukamel Cardamom (green)
Tama Bamboo Soda
Tej Paat Bay Leaf
Til Sesame seeds
Til ko Tel Gingelly oil
Turai Sponge gourd
Tarul Yam
Urrad Dhal Black gram
Of all the Nepalese people, the Newars celebrate the greatest number of festivities and feasts. They are known for a immense variety of cuisines they prepare in many occasions. Newar food can be divided into two main types.
1.Daily foods- Jyona (Lunch), Beli (Dinner).
2.Bhoye- Banquet having a number of dishes with systematic arrangement in order.
The Meat Dishes of the Newars are as follows-
Appetizers/Snacks
Chatanmari-It is something like what you call pizza. It is prepared from rice flour with minced meat or egging topping or also can be prepared plainly. It is mainly eaten in Digu Puja.
Wo-A flat cake of mashed lentils with or without egg/minced meat topping.
Samay Baji- A ritual set of five dishes representing Pancha Tatwa. It constitutes Baji, Samay (flattened rice), chhoyla (roasted meat), sanya (smoked fish), palu (sliced ginger) and aila (wine).
Chhoyla- Spicy meat, ether roasted or boiled known as haku chhoyla or mana chhoyla. It is generally served with flattened rice and homemade wine.
Sukula- Dried meat diced and spiced.
Tahkha- A jelly-like meat.
Meat Dishes
Jyona/beli-Boiled rice. Usually these words stand for a set of rice, and curries.
Ken- Lentil soup served with rice.
Wauncha- Green vegetables, especially mustard/spinach in feasts.
Boobah- Bean curry.
La- Meat curries, various verities : Pukala (fried), Gorma (white jellied meat), Dayakala (curried meat), for instance.
Relishes
Sanan- Pickle, usually hot.
Sanya khuna/ Nya khuna- Jellied fish soup.
Paun kwa- Sour soup made from hog plum.
Dessert
Juju dhau- Yogurt of high quality.
Sweets
Pachinta mari- Sweet made of wheat flour and sugar, a must in Pastah Bhoye (high class wedding feast) which is taken away to home.
Drinks
Thon- White beer, made of fermented rice. It too has some types : hyaun thon (red one), taku thon (thick one) etc.
Aila- Colorless homemade liquor.
Pastah Bhoe (High Class Wedding Feast) Menu
1. Baji - Flattened rice
2. Della - Meat, placed on the top of baji
3. Tahkha - Jelly meat
4. Chhakoola - A peace of meat in curry
5. Wauncha (Tukan) - Green vegetable (mustard)
6. Bhuti - White beans
7. Phasi - Pumpkin curry
8. Dayekala - Meat in curry
9. Dugula - Mutton
10. Hayenla - Meat curry with a lot of ginger
11. Gorma - White jellied meat
12. Lainsoo - Curry made from dried radish
13. Simpu - Bean curry
14. Tahkugu Pukala - Big slice of fried meat
15. Cheekugu Pukala - small pieces of fried meat
16. Pahmaya - Curry made from green pulses
17. Hamoh Kwa - Sesame seed curry
18. Chhon Kwa - Bamboo shoot soup
19. Dhau - Yoghurt
20. Sakhah - Brown sugar to accompany dhau
21. Sisabusa - Raw radish, raw peas and fresh fruit pieces
22. Aila - Homemade liquor
23. Pachinta mari - Sweet (taken away home)
English Translations of Nepali Food
The translations of the Nepalese ingredient names are given on the right column. We hope it will help find the Nepalese ingredient for the Nepalese staying abroad. We also hope it will serve as reference tool for the non- Nepalese speakers.
NEPALI ENGLISH
Ajwain Tymolseeds
Aduwa Ginger
Amchoor Mango powder
Ata Wheat flour
Banda (Banda Govi) Cabbage
Bakula Fava Beans
Bhatmas Soybeans
Bhanta Eggplant, Brinjal,Aubergines
Besan Gram flour
Besar Turmeric
Bhuteko Channa Roasted gram
Bodi Black-eyed peas
Chana Chick peas
Chana dal Gram dal
Chyapi Chives
Dal Lentils
Dahi Curds, Yoghourt
Dhania (leaves) Coriander leaves, Cilantro, Chinese Parsley
Dhania (masala) Coriander seeds
Farsi Pumpkin
Hing Asafoetida
Ilaichi Cardamom (black)
Jau Oats
Jeera Cummin
Jwanu Lovage
Kankro Cucumber
Kari Pata Curry leaves
Kesar Saffron
Kathal Raw jack fruit
Kalonji Onion seeds
Kodo Millet
Kurilo Asparagus
Kuskus Poppy seeds
Lwang Cloves
Lasun Garlic
Makai Corn
Marich Black Pepper
Mas Black Lentils
Masoor dal Red gram
Maida Flour
Moong dal Green gram
Methi Fenugreek
Methi sag Fenugreek leaves
Makai Corn
Moong Whole green gram
Mula Daikon Radish
Palungo Spinach
Paneer Paneer (or cottage cheese)
Parwal Pointed gourd
Phapar Buckwheat
Pindaula Taro or Eddos
Pitho Flour (All Purpose)
Pyaj Onions
Pyaj (Hariyo) Scallion
Ram Toriya Okra (Lady's Finger)
Rawa Semolina, Cream of wheat
Rayo/Tori Mustard
Roti Flat Bread
Sabudana Dry ginger
Sakhar Brown Sugar
Salgam Turnip
Simi Green Beans
Saunf (sag) Dill leaves
Saunf (masala) Fennel
Sukamel Cardamom (green)
Tama Bamboo Soda
Tej Paat Bay Leaf
Til Sesame seeds
Til ko Tel Gingelly oil
Turai Sponge gourd
Tarul Yam
Urrad Dhal Black gram
culture
Nepal Culture & Religion
Culture is embedded in the high peaks of Nepal, tradition flows with its rivers, art traverses through its valleys and religion lies in the heart of its people. Nepal, in short, is a country where art, culture and religion are a part of life of the inhabitants. People celebrate every moment with aroma, adding novelty to the traditions without affecting their essence.
Art of Nepal
The art and architecture of Nepal is deeply influenced by the religion. Unique craftsmanship can be found in temples, architecture, shrines, fountains and the design of religious objects. Art and religion is so deeply interlocked that it is impossible to separate the one from the other. All art forms express both Hindu and Buddhist iconography.
Buddhism in Nepal
Buddhism, the fourth largest religion all over the world, has strong roots in Nepal. Buddhism in Nepal dates from the birth of Siddhartha Gautama himself, therefore Buddhist influences are evident on the culture of Nepal. Nepal is the meeting point for Indian and Tibetan Buddhist traditions.
Culture of Nepal
The culture of Nepal is a assemblage of music, architecture, religion and literature. This mountain kingdom is multi-ethic and multi-lingual. The land is rich with unique cultural groups like Tharu,Yadav, Ahir, Newars and others.
Food of Nepal
Nepalese are great foodies and their food varieties are hot, spicy and nutritious. Newari and Thakali cuisines are the original taste of Nepal. Otherwise, Nepalese style of cooking has been influenced by Indian and Tibetan cooking. Dal Bhat tarkari is the staple food of Nepal. Meat curries and monos are the hot favorites among the tourists.
Music of Nepal
The rhythm, beats, bounce of Nepali traditional folk and classical music is spiritual enough to sooth you and entertaining enough to cheer you. Music is associated with every event in Nepal, then be it birth, marriage, festivals or national events.
People of Nepal
The people of Indo-Aryan community are the original inhabitants of Nepal. No wonder their descendents form the majority even now. Other major groups in Nepal are Gurungs and Magars who live mainly in the western region; Rais, Limbus and Sunwars who live in the eastern mid hills; Sherpas, Manangpas and Lopas who live near the mountains of Everest, Annapurna and Mustang respectively.
Religion of Nepal
Religion in Nepal is not only a system of social coherence based on certain rituals and beliefs, rather it is the binding force that ties the mountain kingdom together. Though Nepal is famous, as the world's only Hindu Kingdom, equal respect is given to other religions as well. Buddhism is the second largest religion followed in Nepal, others being Tantrism, Islam and Christianity.
Culture is embedded in the high peaks of Nepal, tradition flows with its rivers, art traverses through its valleys and religion lies in the heart of its people. Nepal, in short, is a country where art, culture and religion are a part of life of the inhabitants. People celebrate every moment with aroma, adding novelty to the traditions without affecting their essence.
Art of Nepal
The art and architecture of Nepal is deeply influenced by the religion. Unique craftsmanship can be found in temples, architecture, shrines, fountains and the design of religious objects. Art and religion is so deeply interlocked that it is impossible to separate the one from the other. All art forms express both Hindu and Buddhist iconography.
Buddhism in Nepal
Buddhism, the fourth largest religion all over the world, has strong roots in Nepal. Buddhism in Nepal dates from the birth of Siddhartha Gautama himself, therefore Buddhist influences are evident on the culture of Nepal. Nepal is the meeting point for Indian and Tibetan Buddhist traditions.
Culture of Nepal
The culture of Nepal is a assemblage of music, architecture, religion and literature. This mountain kingdom is multi-ethic and multi-lingual. The land is rich with unique cultural groups like Tharu,Yadav, Ahir, Newars and others.
Food of Nepal
Nepalese are great foodies and their food varieties are hot, spicy and nutritious. Newari and Thakali cuisines are the original taste of Nepal. Otherwise, Nepalese style of cooking has been influenced by Indian and Tibetan cooking. Dal Bhat tarkari is the staple food of Nepal. Meat curries and monos are the hot favorites among the tourists.
Music of Nepal
The rhythm, beats, bounce of Nepali traditional folk and classical music is spiritual enough to sooth you and entertaining enough to cheer you. Music is associated with every event in Nepal, then be it birth, marriage, festivals or national events.
People of Nepal
The people of Indo-Aryan community are the original inhabitants of Nepal. No wonder their descendents form the majority even now. Other major groups in Nepal are Gurungs and Magars who live mainly in the western region; Rais, Limbus and Sunwars who live in the eastern mid hills; Sherpas, Manangpas and Lopas who live near the mountains of Everest, Annapurna and Mustang respectively.
Religion of Nepal
Religion in Nepal is not only a system of social coherence based on certain rituals and beliefs, rather it is the binding force that ties the mountain kingdom together. Though Nepal is famous, as the world's only Hindu Kingdom, equal respect is given to other religions as well. Buddhism is the second largest religion followed in Nepal, others being Tantrism, Islam and Christianity.
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